EFEKTIVITAS METODE INKUIRI TERBIMBING DAN PROBLEM SOLVING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30998/8r5vp288Keywords:
Berpikir Kritis, Metode Problem solving, Metode Inkuiri Terbimbing, Pembelajaran EkonomiAbstract
Pada pendidikan abad ke-21, kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan kompetensi penting. Namun, peserta didik, terutama dalam pembelajaran ekonomi, masih belum memahaminya dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan seberapa efektif inkuiri terbimbing dan problem solving terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Dua peserta didik kelas XI di MA An Nur Pacet digunakan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dalam kuasi eksperimen dengan desain counterbalanced. Selama empat pertemuan, setiap kelas menerima perlakuan bergantian tentang topik ketenagakerjaan. Penelitian menggunakan tes kemampuan berpikir kritis berbentuk uraian yang melibatkan kriteria untuk memberikan alasan, membandingkan, membuat, berpendapat, dan menganalisis. Karena data tidak memenuhi asumsi normalitas dan homogenitas, uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks dan Mann–Whitney U digunakan untuk menganalisisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis kedua metode secara signifikan ditingkatkan; metode penyelesaian masalah memperoleh nilai Z = −3,571 (p = 0,000) dan metode inkuiri terbimbing nilai Z = −3,299 (p = 0,001). Hasil uji Mann–Whitney menunjukkan bahwa metode problem solving lebih efektif dibandingkan metode inkuiri terbimbing karena struktur pembelajarannya yang lebih sistematis dan penggunaan konteks masalah dunianya yang lebih besar. Temuan ini memberikan implikasi praktis bagi guru ekonomi dalam memilih dan merancang metode pembelajaran yang lebih efektif untuk mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, A. H., Julius, E., Suhairom, N., Ali, M., Talib, C. A., Ashari, Z. M., Kohar, U. H. A., & Abd Rahman, S. N. S. (2022). Relationship between Self-Concept, Emotional Intelligence and Problem-Solving Skills on Secondary School Students’ Attitude towards Solving Algebraic Problems. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(21).
Afkarina, F. I., Rohmah, N., Ariyanti, W., & Manik, Y. M. (2024). Pengaruh Moderenisasi terhadap Perkembangan Pendidikan Moralitas Remaja. Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 3(03), 568–574.
Aibin, T., Jijun, Y., Wenye, L., Shike, Z., & Dawei, L. (2023). The impact of different types of off-campus training on primary and junior high students’ higher-order thinking dispositions. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49.
Albay, E. M. (2019). Analyzing the effects of the problem solving approach to the performance and attitude of first year university students. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2019.100006
Alim, J. A., Hermita, N., Putra, Z. H., & Oktaviani, C. (2025). Development of a STEM-based e-module using the MIKiR model on energy sources material to enhance students’ critical thinking skills. Frontiers in Education, 10.
Anggraeni, D. M., Prahani, B. K., Suprapto, N., Shofiyah, N., & Jatmiko, B. (2023). Systematic review of problem based learning research in fostering critical thinking skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101334
Arifin, Z., Sukarmin, Saputro, S., & Kamari, A. (2025). The effect of inquiry-based learning on students’ critical thinking skills in science education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/15988
Bosio, E., & Waghid, Y. (2025). Cultivating students’ critical consciousness through global citizenship education: Six pedagogical priorities. Prospects, 55(1–2), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-023-09652-x
Braun, V., Clarke, V., Hayfield, N., & Terry, G. (2019). Thematic analysis. Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 843–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_103
Dah, N. M., Noor, M. S. A. M., Kamarudin, M. Z., & Azziz, S. S. S. A. (2024). The impacts of open inquiry on students’ learning in science: A systematic literature review. Educational Research Review, 43, 100601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100601
Damayanti, I., Baqy, I., & Rokhmat, J. (2025). A Systematic Review of Research Trends in Cooperative Learning Models in Science Learning. Contextual Natural Science Education Journal, 3(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.29303/cnsej.v3i2.1077
Dewi, M. R., Kurniawati, S., & Nofriansyah, N. (2025). Pengembangan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa melalui Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) di Moderasi oleh Kemampuan Metakognitif. Research and Development Journal of Education, 11(2), 1019-1031.
Dias-Oliveira, E., Pasion, R., Vieira da Cunha, R., & Lima Coelho, S. (2024). The development of critical thinking, team working, and communication skills in a business school–A project-based learning approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2024.101680
Duran, M., & Dökme, I. (2016). The effect of the inquiry-based learning approach on student’s critical-thinking skills. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 12(12), 2887–2908. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.02311a
Eddy, M., Phillips, J., Cheang, G., & But, J. (2025). Fostering Academic Writing Skills in Tourism and Hospitality Students: Insights from a Teaching Intervention. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2025.2502447
Edelson, D. C., Gordin, D. N., & Pea, R. D. (1999). Addressing the Challenges of Inquiry-Based Learning Through Technology and Curriculum Design. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 8(3–4), 391–450. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.1999.9672075
Huerta, M., Goodson, P., Beigi, M., & Chlup, D. (2017). Graduate students as academic writers: writing anxiety, self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. Higher Education Research and Development, 36(4), 716–729. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2016.1238881
Kamaruddin, M. I., Zainuddin, A. A., Nelwan, B., Hamid, F., Esa, T., & Yusuf, I. (2024). Perceptions of the learning environment in ophthalmology residency training : A mixed method study. The Asia Pacific Scholar Medical and Health Professions Education, 9(2), 39–50.
Kardoyo, Nurkhin, A., Muhsin, & Pramusinto, H. (2020). Problem-based learning strategy: Its impact on students’ critical and creative thinking skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1141–1150. https://doi.org/10.12973/EU-JER.9.3.1141
Lazonder, A. W., & Harmsen, R. (2016). Meta-Analysis of Inquiry-Based Learning: Effects of Guidance. Review of Educational Research, 86(3), 681–718. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654315627366
Leung, K. yi P., & Fung, C. lok D. (2026). Investigating the impact of inquiry and talk strategies on critical thinking in Hong Kong Secondary Schools. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.102018
Li, P. H., Lee, H. Y., Lin, C. J., Wang, W. S., & Huang, Y. M. (2025). InquiryGPT: Augmenting ChatGPT for Enhancing Inquiry-Based Learning in STEM Education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 62(8), 2157–2186. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331241289824
Lu, L., Mustakim, S. S., & Muhamad, M. M. (2025). A Meta-analysis of the Effectiveness of Problem-based Learning on Critical Thinking. European Journal of Educational Research, 14(3), 789–804. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.14.3.789
Makmur, W., Susilo, H., & Indriwati, S. E. (2019). Implementation of Guided Inquiry Learning with Scaffolding Strategy to Increase Critical Thinking Skills of Biology Students’ Based on Lesson Study. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1227(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1227/1/012003
Mawardi, Satyawati, S. T., & Agustin, A. (2025). Fostering Twenty-First-Century Skills: An Analysis of the Critical and Creative Thinking in Research-Based Learning Model. International Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 32(2), 47–65. https://doi.org/10.18848/2327-7955/CGP/v32i02/47-65
Meriyati, T. A. S., Ali, M., Safar, M., Amri, M., Dewanto, A. R. N., & Sjoraida, D. F. (2025). Inquiry-Based Learning and Critical Thinking Skills of Higher Education Students in the Era of Revolution 5.0: A Meta-analysis. Cuestiones de Fisioterapia, 54(3), 5156-5166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.48047/CU
Nguyen, L. T. Van, Cleveland, D., Nguyen, C. T. M., & Joyce, C. (2024). Problem-based learning and the integration of sustainable development goals. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 16(2), 218–234. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-12-2023-0142
Nofriansyah, N., Ahman, E., Supriatna, E., Rahayu, S., & Riyadi, S. (2025). Improvement of Student Learning Outcomes Through the Team Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning Model. Research and Development Journal of Education, 11(1), 630-640. https://doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v11i1.28921
Nofriansyah, N., Rahayu, S., & Wardiman, J. (2024). Cooperative Learning Model of Group Investigation Technique in Economic Learning. Journal of Economics and Economic Education, 1(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.59066/jeee.v1i1.761
Pedaste, M., Mäeots, M., Siiman, L. A., de Jong, T., van Riesen, S. A. N., Kamp, E. T., Manoli, C. C., Zacharia, Z. C., & Tsourlidaki, E. (2015). Phases of inquiry-based learning: Definitions and the inquiry cycle. Educational Research Review, 14, 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2015.02.003
Sari, P. R., Suwatno, S., & Santoso, B. (2020). Penerapan metode problem solving untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Edueksos: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Ekonomi, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.25130/sc.24.1.6
Power-Mason, P., Charlton, H., Walker-Martin, F., & Bloomfield, S. (2025). A sector in crisis? Insights from how English higher education apprenticeships are weathering the storm. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 15(3), 548–561.
Rahayu, S., Sutarni, N., Nofriansyah, N., & Soffiatun, S. (2025). The Effectiveness of The Arcs Learning Model in Improving Student Learning Outcomes in Economics. Research and Development Journal of Education, 11(1), 115-123.
Rossa, R., Zaim, M., & Mukhaiyar, M. (2025). Problem-Based Learning and Higher-Order Thinking Skills: A Scopus-Based Bibliometric Analysis of Trends, Sources, and Collaboration Networks. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología, 5, 2402.
Rothinam, N., Vengrasalam, R., Naidu, S., Nachiappan, S., & Jabamoney, S. (2025). Systematic literature review on critical thinking in higher education. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 9(5), 2046–2063.
Ruhyanto, A., Agustin, R., & Yanti, E. (2021). Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Problem solving Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. 2(3), 161–170.
Sam, R. (2024). Systematic review of inquiry-based learning: assessing impact and best practices in education. F1000Research, 13, 1045.
Sari, P. R., Suwatno, S., & Santoso, B. (2020). Penerapan metode problem solving untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Edueksos: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial & Ekonomi, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.25130/sc.24.1.6
Schoute, E. C., & Alexander, P. A. (2025). A Critical Analysis of Critical Thinking Interventions in Higher Education. Review of Educational Research.
Shen, X., & Tao, Y. (2025). Metacognitive Strategies, AI-based Writing Self-efficacy and Writing Anxiety in AI-assisted Writing Contexts: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis. International Journal of TESOL Studies, 7(1), 70–87.
Sinaga, B., Sitorus, J., & Situmeang, T. (2023). The influence of students’ problem-solving understanding and results of students’ mathematics learning. Frontiers in Education, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1088556
Song, X., Razali, A. B., & Jeyaraj, J. J. (2025). How project-based learning improves college EFL learners’ critical thinking skills and reading comprehension ability: A case study. Language Teaching Research.
Su, T., Liu, J., Meng, L., Luo, Y., Ke, Q., & Xie, L. (2025). The effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in enhancing critical thinking skills in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Education, 10.
Suhaida, D., & Syarifah, F. (2019). Analisis model pembelajaran berbasis pendidikan karakter untuk membentuk karakter siswa. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, 16(2), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v16i2.21757
Utami, W. S., Kusaeri, Ridho, A., Yusuf, A., Widodo, B. S., Prastiyono, H., & Murtini, S. (2025). Unraveling social and economic problems: what basics of critical thinking skills are needed? International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 14(1), 566–574. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i1.29180
Wijesekera, H. D., & Hameed, R. (2026). From rote learning to critical inquiry: fostering higher order thinking skills through collaborative questioning in a rural secondary English-medium science classroom. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 60.
Xie, Y., Smith, J., & Davies, M. (2025). The evolution of critical thinking in Chinese education context: Policy and curriculum perspectives. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 34(4), 481–504.
Xu, E., Wang, W., & Wang, Q. (2023). The effectiveness of collaborative problem solving in promoting students’ critical thinking: A meta-analysis based on empirical literature. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1).
Yustina, Mahadi, I., Ariska, D., Arnentis, & Darmadi. (2022). The Effect of E-Learning Based on the Problem-Based Learning Model on Students’ Creative Thinking Skills During the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 329–348. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15219a.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dita Salma, Susanti Kurniawati, Navik Istiqomah, Janah Sojanah, Leni Permana (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
