SEKOLAH SEBAGAI SISTEM SOSIAL: TELAAH TEORI ORGANISASI DALAM ADMINISTRASI PENDIDIKAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30998/1xg7sg65Keywords:
Teori Organisasi, Sistem Sosial Sekolah, Administrasi PendidikanAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi konstruk-konstruk teoretis dalam teori organisasi yang menjelaskan fungsi dan dinamika sekolah sebagai sistem sosial serta menganalisis aplikasinya dalam konteks administrasi pendidikan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode literature review sistematis berbasis studi kasus konseptual. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penelusuran sistematis dari 27 literatur akademik bersumber dari jurnal terindeks, buku teks, dan publikasi ilmiah bereputasi dengan kriteria relevansi tema, kredibilitas sumber, dan publikasi tiga tahun terakhir (2022-2024). Setelah proses eliminasi berdasarkan kedalaman analisis teoretis dan kesesuaian konteks, diperoleh 4 literatur primer sebagai basis analisis utama. Analisis data menggunakan model interaktif Miles et al. meliputi kondensasi data, display data dalam matriks perbandingan lintas-teori, dan penarikan kesimpulan untuk menghasilkan sintesis teoretis komprehensif. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi delapan konstruk teoretis fundamental: struktur organisasi, budaya organisasi, kepemimpinan, komunikasi organisasional, pengambilan keputusan, sistem motivasi, koordinasi dan integrasi, serta adaptabilitas dan pembelajaran organisasional yang saling berinteraksi membentuk konfigurasi organisasional optimal. Aplikasi teori organisasi menghasilkan framework integratif multi-level dan multi-dimensi yang mensintesis teori sistem terbuka, kontingensi, birokrasi, hubungan manusiawi, motivasi, kepemimpinan transformasional, pembelajaran organisasional, kompleksitas, institusional, dan resource dependence. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis signifikan dengan pemahaman komprehensif tentang sekolah sebagai sistem sosial yang memiliki implikasi strategis terhadap pencapaian SDGs khususnya pendidikan berkualitas, pengurangan ketimpangan, dan penguatan institusi melalui pengembangan model manajemen pendidikan yang efektif, inklusif, dan berkelanjutan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Joni Sajati, Zarkasi Efendi, Rudi, Salfen Hasri, Irawati (Author)
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