Impact of an Android-Based Numeria Application on Students’ Numeracy Skills in Inclusive Classrooms: A Quasi-Experimental Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v16i2.3089Keywords:
Numeracy skills, Android-based learning application, inclusive classrooms, Realistic Mathematics Education, dyscalculiaAbstract
Numeracy skills are essential in elementary education, yet many students still struggle, particularly in inclusive classrooms. This study addresses the limited empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of mobile-based mathematics learning applications in supporting numeracy development in inclusive classrooms, particularly for students with tendencies toward dyscalculia. This study aims to examine the impact of the Android-based Numeria application, which integrates a Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) approach, on elementary students’ numeracy skills. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed, involving 175 fourth-grade students from eight inclusive elementary schools in Central Java, Indonesia. Data were collected using a validated numeracy test and analyzed using normalized gain (N-gain), independent samples t-test, and Cohen’s d effect size. The results indicate that the experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in numeracy skills compared to the control group (t = 2.20, p < 0.05), with a small-to-moderate effect size (d = 0.33). Students with tendencies toward dyscalculia also showed greater improvement in the experimental group; however, the difference was not statistically significant, indicating a meaningful practical effect. These findings suggest that integrating mobile learning technology with an RME-based contextual approach can support more adaptive and interactive mathematics learning in inclusive settings. This study contributes empirical evidence on the role of Android-based learning applications in supporting numeracy development among students with diverse learning characteristics.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Riawan Yudi Purwoko, Wahju Tjahyo Saputro, Jayanti Putri Purwaningrum, Siti Nurhidayati, Syaza Hazwani Zaini (Author)
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