Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Matematika Kelas 5 Sekolah Dasar untuk Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Down Syndrome

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to develop mathematics instructional materials for fifth-grade elementary students with Down syndrome in the form of a complete learning book, not merely a visual design, with the development scope covering content organization, illustrations, language, and book structure on number recognition from 1–20, addition and subtraction of numbers 1–9, and time recognition. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method through the stages of needs analysis, design, development, limited implementation, and evaluation, involving subject-matter experts, design experts, special school teachers as users of the materials, and classroom observations conducted at SLB BC Mahardika Depok and SLB BC Abdi Pratama Munjul. The research instruments included expert validation sheets, teacher response questionnaires, and learning implementation observation sheets. The results indicate that the developed instructional materials fall into the very good category, with material expert feasibility percentages of 97.5% and 91.25% and a design expert feasibility percentage of 93.33%. In addition, teachers’ evaluations showed positive responses regarding ease of use, clarity of content, and the usefulness of the materials in the learning process, confirming that the instructional materials are not only theoretically feasible but also practically applicable in classroom settings. Thus, the developed illustrated mathematics instructional materials are deemed feasible and practical as supplementary learning books for children with Down syndrome and have the potential to improve the quality of mathematics learning in special schools.

 Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan bahan ajar matematika kelas V Sekolah Dasar bagi anak Down Syndrome dalam bentuk buku pembelajaran utuh, bukan hanya sebatas desain visual, dengan ruang lingkup pengembangan meliputi perancangan isi, ilustrasi, bahasa, dan struktur buku pada materi pengenalan bilangan 1–20, penjumlahan dan pengurangan bilangan 1–9, serta pengenalan waktu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) melalui tahapan analisis kebutuhan, perancangan, pengembangan, implementasi terbatas, dan evaluasi, dengan subjek uji coba melibatkan ahli materi, ahli desain, guru kelas SLB sebagai pengguna bahan ajar, serta observasi pembelajaran di SLB BC Mahardika Depok dan SLB BC Abdi Pratama Munjul. Instrumen penelitian meliputi lembar validasi ahli, angket respon guru, dan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar yang dikembangkan berada pada kategori sangat baik dengan persentase kelayakan ahli materi sebesar 97,5% dan 91,25%, serta ahli desain sebesar 93,33%, sementara penilaian guru menunjukkan respon positif terhadap kemudahan penggunaan, kejelasan materi, dan keterbantuan bahan ajar dalam proses pembelajaran, yang menegaskan bahwa bahan ajar tidak hanya layak secara teoritis tetapi juga praktis digunakan di kelas. Dengan demikian, bahan ajar matematika berbasis ilustrasi bergambar yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak dan praktis digunakan sebagai buku penunjang pembelajaran matematika bagi anak Down Syndrome serta berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran matematika di SLB.