Wastumayakala: Ontologi karya seni realitas virtual sebagai peristiwa epistemik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v13i4.3404Keywords:
wastumayakala, ontologi seni, realitas virtual, epistemologi artistik, fenomenologiAbstract
Transisi media artistik ke realitas virtual (VR) menuntut rekonseptualisasi status ontologis karya seni agar tidak direduksi menjadi simulasi kosong. Artikel ini bertujuan merumuskan ontologi seni VR melalui konsep wastumayakala, yakni sintesis wastu (realitas), maya (virtualitas), dan kala (keterampilan artistik) yang memposisikan karya VR sebagai peristiwa epistemik. Melalui eksplorasi kualitatif-fenomenologis terhadap pengalaman perdana tiga perupa profesional dalam penciptaan seni imersif, penelitian ini mengkaji interaksi antara tubuh, alat, dan lingkungan virtual. Sintesis temuan dengan teori Limas Citra Manusia menghasilkan model konseptual Kerangka IKSI (Inisiasi Kognitif, Konflik Pengetahuan Embodied, Sintesis Intuitif-Kreatif, dan Integrasi Epistemik). Kerangka ini menunjukkan indikasi awal pergeseran epistemologis di mana perupa menegosiasikan affordance artistik dan materialitas algoritmik. Berangkat dari temuan empiris terbatas tersebut, penelitian ini mengajukan proposisi ontologis bahwa karya seni VR dapat dipahami sebagai realitas hibrida yang bermanifestasi melalui interaksi dinamis antara subjek embodied, lingkungan virtual, dan komputasi. Konsep wastumayakala menawarkan landasan teoretis lokal yang komplementer untuk merespons diskursus ontologi seni digital kontemporer.
Downloads
References
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D. R. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing. Longman.
Bacon, A. (2016, May 24). Surface, image, reception: painting in a digital age. Rhizome. https://rhizome.org/editorial/2016/may/24/surface-image-reception-painting-in-a-digital-age/
Calderon-Hernandez, C., Paes, D., Irizarry, J., & Brioso, X. (2019). Comparing virtual reality and 2-dimensional drawings for the visualization of a construction project. Computing in Civil Engineering 2019: Visualization, Information Modeling, and Simulation - Selected Papers from the ASCE International Conference on Computing in Civil Engineering 2019, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482421.003
Cappeller, C. (2009). A Sanskrit-English dictionary. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511706547
Chalmers, D. J. (2022). Reality+: virtual worlds and the problems of philosophy. W. W. Norton.
Dewey, J. (1934). Art as experience. Minton, Balch & Company.
Diodato, R. (2022). Virtual reality and aesthetic experience. Philosophies, 7(29), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7020029
Fang, Y. M., & Kao, T. L. (2023). Comparisons of emotional responses, flow experiences, and operational performances in traditional parametric computer-aided design modeling and virtual-reality free-form modeling. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(11), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116568
Herman, L. M., & Hutka, S. (2019). Virtual artistry: Virtual reality translations of two-dimensional creativity. C and C 2019 - Proceedings of the 2019 Creativity and Cognition, 612–618. https://doi.org/10.1145/3325480.3326579
Iriaji, I., Prasetyo, A. R., Aruna, A., Surya, E. P., Vega, B. L. A., & Marcelliantika, A. (2023). Virtual reality trimatra and dwimatra laboratory visual art materials for higher education. KnE Social Sciences, 154–160. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v8i15.13922
Kinanti, C. S. (2024). Exploring the potential of VR technology in education in Indonesia. Devotion, 5(7), 742–748. https://doi.org/10.59188/devotion.v5i7.746
Kozak, S. (2025). Museum environments and installation design. European Journal of Social Sciences Studies, 11(5). https://doi.org/10.46827/ejsss.v11i5.2107
Kuhne, C., Kecelioglu, E. D., Maltby, S., Hood, R. J., Knott, B., Ditton, E., Walker, F. R., & Kluge, M. G. (2023). Direct comparison of virtual reality and 2D delivery on sense of presence, emotional and physiological outcome measures. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1211001
Mao, Y., & Ling, J. (2025). Innovative applications of virtual reality in art and design education. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 27(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4018/JCIT.382567
Mazurek, M. (2025). The ontology of virtual objects in David Chalmers’ concept of virtual realism. Virtual Worlds, 4(1), 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/virtualworlds4010011
Merleau-Ponty, M. (2013). Phenomenology of perception (D. Landes, Tran.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203720714
Richesin, M. T., Baldwin, D. R., & Wicks, L. A. M. (2021). Art making and virtual reality: A comparison study of physiological and psychological outcomes. Arts in Psychotherapy, 75(2021), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2021.101823
Sidik, M. F., Damayanti, N. Y., Mutiaz, I. R., & Grahita, B. (2024a). A study of traditional oil painters’ artmaking experiences in virtual reality. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 23(3), 336–346. https://doi.org/10.5614/sostek.itbj.2024.23.3.3
Sidik, M. F., Damayanti, N. Y., Mutiaz, I. R., & Grahita, B. (2024b). Artistic affordance in virtual reality painting. Panggung, 34(1), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.26742/panggung.v34i1.3260
Su, X., Huang, X., & Sun, X. M. (2026). Multi-modal digital exhibition hall design integrating virtual reality, augmented reality and artificial intelligence toward immersive interaction and intelligent cultural services. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.114712
Sun, J. (2025). The integration of virtual reality and augmented reality technology in immersive media art. Systems and Soft Computing, 7, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sasc.2025.200377
Sungkar, A. (2021). Karya instalasi dari masa ke masa. Dekonstruksi, 5(1), 134–155. https://doi.org/10.54154/dekonstruksi.v5i01.82
Sylaiou, S., Dafiotis, P., Koukopoulos, D., Koukoulis, C., Vital, R., Antoniou, A., & Fidas, C. (2024). From physical to virtual art exhibitions and beyond: Survey and some issues for consideration for the metaverse. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 66, 86–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2023.11.002
Tabrani, P. (2006). Kreativitas dan humanitas (1st ed.). Jalasutra.
Tang, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Liu, Q., & Jiang, S. (2022). Experiencing an art education program through immersive virtual reality or iPad: Examining the mediating effects of sense of presence and extraneous cognitive load on enjoyment, attention, and retention. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957037
Uckan, B., Atukeren, A., Aydogdu, T., & Gurer, E. (2025). An immersive spatial design through the immaterial: toward a multisensory experience. XXIX Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2025), 1, 1897–1908. https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.sigradi.2025.1.1897
Van Manen, M. (2016). Researching lived experience (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Vega, E., Camarero, C., Hamari, J., & Xi, N. (2026). What leads to better immersive experiences? The role of guidance and mobility in virtual reality museums. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2026.103739
Wang, F., Zhang, Z., Li, L., & Long, S. (2024). Virtual reality and augmented reality in artistic expression: a comprehensive study of innovative technologies. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 15(3), 641–649. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150365
Yoon, Y., Moon, D., & Chin, S. (2020). Fine tactile representation of materials for virtual reality. Journal of Sensors, 2020, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7296204
Zoetmulder, P. J., with the collaboration of S. O. Robson. (1982). Old Javanese-English Dictionary. The Hague: M. Nijhoff.
Zou, N., Gong, Q., Chai, Q., & Chai, C. (2023). The role of virtual reality technology in conceptual design: positioning, applications, and value. Digital Creativity, 34(1), 53–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/14626268.2023.2166080
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Fauzan Sidik, Nuning Yanti Damayanti, Intan Rizky Mutiaz, Banung Grahita (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Articles published in Jurnal Desain are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), unless otherwise indicated.
This license allows users to:
- Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the material.
These permissions apply for non-commercial purposes and are subject to the following terms:
1. Attribution (BY)
Users must give appropriate credit to the original author(s), acknowledge the article’s original publication in Jurnal Desain, provide a link to the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, and indicate if changes were made.
Attribution may be provided in any reasonable manner, but not in a way that suggests that the author(s) or Jurnal Desain endorse the user or the use of the material.
Where available, users are encouraged to include the article’s Digital Object Identifier (DOI) when citing or redistributing the work to ensure persistent identification of the Version of Record.
2. NonCommercial (NC)
The material may not be used for commercial purposes.
Commercial use refers to use that is primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation.
Users wishing to make commercial use of material covered by the license must obtain separate permission from the relevant copyright holder(s).
3. No Additional Restrictions
Users may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from exercising any rights permitted by the license.
4. Third-Party Material
The CC BY-NC 4.0 license applies to the article unless otherwise indicated. Figures, photographs, artworks, illustrations, tables, data, or other third-party materials may be subject to separate copyright or licensing terms.
Users are responsible for determining whether separate permission is required before reusing material that is excluded from the article’s Creative Commons license.
Official License Terms
The complete terms of the license are available from the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
