Ketika metode mendahului desainer: Kritik ontologis atas Design Thinking dan User-Centered Design dalam perancangan DKV
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v13i4.3544Keywords:
Design Thinking, User-Centered Design, Ontological Designing, Reposisi Desainer, Desain Komunikasi VisualAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji bagaimana Design Thinking (DT) dan User-Centered Design (UCD) mengonstruksi posisi desainer ketika digunakan sebagai metode perancangan dalam lingkungan akademik Desain Komunikasi Visual (DKV). Kajian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kecenderungan penggunaan kedua metode tersebut dalam tugas akhir, laporan perancangan, dan publikasi akademik DKV, sementara asumsi ontologis yang menyertainya sering belum diperiksa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual kritis dengan desain penelitian konseptual. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep ontological designing sebagai kerangka pembacaan untuk membaca DT dan UCD secara ontologis, terutama dalam memeriksa bagaimana keduanya membentuk pengertian tentang subjek, objek, relasi, proses, dan keluaran desain. Bahan utama kajian ini adalah literatur tentang metode perancangan, Design Thinking, dan User-Centered Design, sedangkan publikasi perancangan DKV ditempatkan sebagai penanda kontekstual penggunaan metode. Hasil kajian menunjukkan DT menempatkan desainer sebagai fasilitator problem-solving dalam kerangka masalah, kebutuhan, solusi, dan inovasi, sedangkan UCD menempatkan desainer sebagai mediator User-system dalam kerangka pengguna, sistem, tugas, konteks penggunaan, dan kegunaan. Hal itu menegaskan bahwa penggunaan DT dan UCD secara generik berisiko membuat metode mendahului desainer serta mereduksi metode perancangan dalam DKV ke dalam logika solusi atau kegunaan sistem. Oleh karena itu, artikel ini mengusulkan desainer DKV perlu direposisi sebagai subjek kreatif yang menjadi pusat artikulasi visual.
Downloads
References
AlAzhari, M. R., Prabandaru, H., Anggia, R. H., Rurianto, J., & Soewardikoen, D. W. (2024). Penerapan metode design thinking pada model perancangan UI/UX aplikasi Istiqomah. Andharupa: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia, 10(3), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v10i03.9390
Amanda, Z., Koesoemadinata, M. I. P., Rurianto, J., Ronggowarsito, B. I., & Rais, F. A. (2024). Perancangan redesain user interface website Kampung Wisata Kreatif Cigadung Bandung menggunakan metode user centered design. Andharupa: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia, 10(2), 256–271. https://doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v10i02.10471
Angelica, M., Hidayat, D., & Adriyanto, A. R. (2023). Penerapan metode design thinking pada perancangan UI/UX mobile apps sebagai media pendidikan moral untuk anak-anak. Amarasi: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual, 4(2), 177–186. https://doi.org/10.59997/amarasi.v4i02.2711
Auernhammer, J., & Roth, B. (2021). The origin and evolution of Stanford University’s design thinking: From product design to design thinking in innovation management. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 38(6), 623–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12594
Bastian, H., & Saputro, G. E. (2021). Desain user interface game FairPlay Poker menggunakan metode UCD (User centered design). ANDHARUPA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia, 7(01), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v7i01.4247
Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked problems in design thinking. Design Issues, 8(2), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.2307/1511637
Cross, N. (2001). Designerly ways of knowing: Design discipline versus design science. Design Issues, 17(3), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1162/074793601750357196
Elsbach, K. D., & Stigliani, I. (2018). Design thinking and organizational culture: A review and framework for future research. Journal of Management, 44(6), 2274–2306. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317744252
Henriksen, D., Richardson, C., & Mehta, R. (2017). Design thinking: A creative approach to educational problems of practice. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 26, 140–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2017.10.001
International Organization for Standardization. (2019). Ergonomics of human-system interaction—Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems (ISO Standard No. 9241-210:2019). https://www.iso.org/standard/77520.html
Irfan, I., Satriadi, S., & Fadhilla, N. (2025). Design thinking sebagai pendekatan perancangan tugas akhir mahasiswa Desain Komunikasi Visual. Jurnal Pakarena, 10(1), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.26858/p.v10i1.70331
Jaakkola, E. (2020). Designing conceptual articles: Four approaches. AMS Review, 10(1–2), 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13162-020-00161-0
Juanda, E., Pratiwi, W., & Khaqi, R. B. (2026). Motion graphics video as an effective promotional media through design method: A case study of FitAcademy application design. ENDLESS: International Journal of Futures Studies, 9(1), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.54783/endlessjournal.v9i1.364
Listya, A., Wulandari, W., & Wildhan, A.-T. (2025). Perancangan logo brand Romansa Steak melalui pendekatan Design Thinking. Jurnal Desain, 12(3), 846–857. https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v12i3.29030
Micheli, P., Wilner, S. J. S., Bhatti, S. H., Mura, M., & Beverland, M. B. (2019). Doing Design Thinking: Conceptual review, synthesis, and research agenda. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 36(2), 124–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12466
Muntaz, A. A., Putra, I. D. A. D., & Triani, A. R. (2025). Redesign of the User interface for the career development center (CDC) website, Telkom University Bandung. Jurnal Desain, 12(3), 666–677. https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v12i3.28502
Norman, D. A., & Draper, S. W. (Eds.). (1986). User centered system design: New perspectives on human-computer interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Pambudi, T. S., & Chalik, C. (2022). Perancangan tas kertas ramah lingkungan rumah makan Pecel Lele Metro Kota Bandung dengan menggunakan kertas benih daur ulang. Tanra: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual Fakultas Seni dan Desain Universitas Negeri Makassar, 9(3), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.26858/tanra.v9i3.38380
Priyono, D., Ramdhani, A., & Hardian, R. (2020). Desain User interface informasi Prodi Desain Komunikasi Visual melalui media digital website. Jurnal Desain, 7(3), 223–242. https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v7i3.5877
Putri, M. A. D. P. W., Raharja, I. G. M., & Udayana, A. A. G. B. (2025). Analisis kebutuhan pengguna dalam merancang tata letak website Singasana Smart Pocket. Jurnal Desain, 13(1), 141–153. https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v13i1.56
Ramadhan, A. N., & Sari, D. M. (2023). UI/UX maskapai Citilink Indonesia sebagai media e-commerce, promotion dan customer journey. DEKAVE: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual, 13(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.24036/dekave.v13i2.122538
Ramadina, T. R., Hidayat, S., & Nugraha, N. D. (2026). Desain aplikasi mobile layanan pesan antar makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) dengan personalisasi nutrisi sesuai kebutuhan anak. eProceedings of Art & Design, 13(1). https://repository.telkomuniversity.ac.id/pustaka/241180/desain-aplikasi-mobile-layanan-pesan-antar-makanan-pendamping-asi-mpasi-dengan-personalisasi-nutrisi-sesuai-kebutuhan-anak-dalam-bentuk-buku-karya-ilmiah.html
Rananda, F., Gurning, L., & Nurliana, F. (2026). Konsep pengembangan struktur kemasan UMKM “Sate Padang” sebagai solusi praktis yang menarik dan kekinian. Magenta: Official Journal STMK Trisakti, 10(1), 1512–1522. https://doi.org/10.61344/magenta.v10i01.223
Rosch, N., Tiberius, V., & Kraus, S. (2023). Design thinking for innovation: Context factors, process, and outcomes. European Journal of Innovation Management, 26(7), 160–176. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-03-2022-0164
Saputri, R., Mulyati, T., Aznel, K. M., & Ciptandi, F. (2024). Redesain antarmuka situs web bimbingan konseling dengan pendekatan user centered design. Jurnal Desain, 11(3), 588–601. https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v11i3.19273
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.
Suminto, M. A., & Arifianto, P. F. (2024). Perancangan e-catalog Ardent Signature sebagai media pemasaran digital produk kursi kantor premium. Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual Nirmana, 24(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.9744/nirmana.24.1.60-71
Tunas, I. W. M. P., Pratiwi, P., Prestiliano, J., & Bezaleel, M. (2023). Desain antarmuka website Oemah Djari dengan pendekatan user centered design. Jurnal Desain, 10(3), 475–492. https://doi.org/10.30998/jd.v10i3.14869
Ulita, N. (2023). Application of design thinking method in educational card design “Sobat Saleh”. Journal of Social Science, 4(5), 1226–1234. https://jsss.co.id/index.php/jsss/article/view/676/809
Ulita, N., & Hananto, B. A. (2022). Implementation of design thinking method in visual communication design. Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies, 2(8), 1458–1468. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370590325_Implementation_of_Design_Thinking_Method_in_Visual_Communication_Design
van Velsen, L., Ludden, G. D. S., & Grünloh, C. (2022). The limitations of user-and human-centered design in an eHealth context and how to move beyond them. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(10), Article e37341. https://doi.org/10.2196/37341
Willis, A.-M. (2006). Ontological designing. Design Philosophy Papers, 4(2), 69–92. https://doi.org/10.2752/144871306X13966268131514
Zain, H. R., & Aji, R. I. (2023). Perancangan website MagetiArt menggunakan metode user centered design. Tanra: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual Fakultas Seni dan Desain Universitas Negeri Makassar, 10(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.26858/tanra.v10i2.45368
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Firmansah (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This license allows users to:
- Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the material to create derivative works.
These freedoms are granted under the following mandatory conditions:
- Attribution (BY)
You must give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and Jurnal Desain, provide a link to the license, and indicate if any changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor (the author or the journal) endorses you or your use. When citing the work, reusers must include the article’s Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for permanent citation. - NonCommercial (NC)
You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Commercial purposes are defined as uses primarily intended for or directed towards commercial advantage or monetary compensation. For any commercial use, republication, or incorporation into commercial products, you must seek and obtain specific permission from the copyright holder(s). - No Additional Restrictions
You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Official Legal Code: For the complete and legally binding terms of this license, please refer to the official legal code: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
